Introduction
Bricks, one of the most
important building materials,
date back to 7,000 BC. They
are also among the oldest
building materials known to
be used in advanced
construction. Bricks give
houses better shapes,
sturdiness, durability, and a
solid foundation. Bricks are
essential building materials
in today's construction
industry. They are classified
into various types due to
differences in manufacturing
techniques and materials.
Specific brick types are
selected based on structural
and aesthetic requirements.
1.Burnt Clay Brick
2. Fire Brick
2. Sand Lime Brick
2. Fly Ash Brick
Types of Bricks used
in Construction
2. A Brick
2. Hollow Brick
Materials and
Methods
The materials used
throughout our experiments
were Concrete, Brick, and
Steel. We run numerous
investigations to exploit the
nature of these materials
and systemically identify
correlations. In total there
were 3 lab sessions but also
extra data analysis
gatherings to further solidify
our data. Some of our
experiments included an
XRD constituted in a XRD
lab using powder diffraction
of our materials. Another lab
session regarded SEM
imaging and EDX on
powder and fracture
surfaces of solid samples of
the materials we chose.
Results
Samples of a wide range of construction
material were taken and examined under
an optical microscope, electron
microscope, x-ray diffraction, and
differential scanning calorimetry. Samples
include concrete, a range of different
bricks, clay and other tiles, sand, wood,
and glass. The results are as follows:
As expected, the predominant material in
construction bricks is silica SiO₂ with all
brick, tile, sand, and glass, all having good
matches with, and large amounts of SiO₂.
Small amounts of other materials can be
found in the samples depending on the
material, including iron, sodium,
magnesium, calcium, zinc, potassium, and
others. These materials are added to
construction bricks to magnify desired
qualities. Bricks need to be compressively
strong, durable for long periods of time,
and resistant to the elements, most
notably, erosion through water exposure.
Materials added can increase these
qualities even in small quantities.
Wood is chemically different from the
others as it is not primarily composed of
silica and instead is made largely of
cellulose, a material made from carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen, which makes up a
significant portion of the wood. Other
materials are also present such as silica
but in trace amounts.
Conclusions
References
https://www.99acre
s.com/articles/brick
s-types-prices-in-in
dia.html
Fig: 1
Most Viewed Questions Of Building Materials
Q1. Calculate capillary rise/fall in a glass tube 2 mm diameter when immersed in (a) water (b) mercury.Both the liquids are at 20°C and the surface tension values at this temperature for water and mercury are 0.072 N/m and 0.052 N/m respectively. The specific gravity of mercury is 13.6. The contact angle of water and mercury are 0° and 130° respectively.
.The shaft shown in the figure is machined from AISI 1040 CD steel. The shaft rotates at 1600rpm and is supported in rolling bearings at A and B. The applied forces are F1 = 2500 Ibf andF2 = 1000 lbf. Determine the minimum fatigue factor of safety based on achieving infinite life.If infinite life is not predicted, estimate the number of cycles to failure. Also check for yielding.
1. A pump-around reflux is an internal reflux for a distillation column where the liquid is withdrawn from a lower tray, cooled in a heat exchanger resulting in heat recovery and then sent back to an upper tray thus reducing the amount of top reflux. In a given distillation tower, the pump-around reflux is withdrawn from the 20th tray and sent to a pump on the ground which is located 20 m below the 20th tray. The pump discharge is cooled in a heat exchanger, and then returned to the 16th tray at the tray level through a control valve. The pump discharge line (including equivalent length of all fittings, bends,etc.) is 50 m long. For a nominal flowrate of 120 m²/h, pressure drop in the cooler is 20 kPa. Assume turbulent flow conditions. Neglect suction line frictional pressure drop. Following information is available:Tray spacing: 0.5 m, Pressure drop per tray: 1 kPa, Discharge pipe diameter = 0.3 m and f (friction factor) = 0.04, Density of Liquid (assume that it is constant) = 800 kg/m³, Tower top pressure: 300 kPa, Pump curve for the pump-around reflux pump is given by: APрump(kPa)=300 – 5v^2 where v is flowrate in m³/min a. For a 50% scale up in the pump-around reflux flow, what would be the minimum discharge pressure of the pump (i.e., under the condition when the pressure drop inа.the control valve is zero)? b. What is the pressure drop in the control valve for the 50% scale up case?
The cylindrical tank with hemispherical ends shown in Fig. P2.46 contains a volatile liquid and its vapor. The liquid density is 800 kg/m3,and its vapor density is negligible. The pressure in the vapor is 120 kPa (abs) and the atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa (abs).Determine: (a) the gage pressure reading on the pressure gage, and (b) the height, h, of the mercury, manometer.
Two cables are tied together at C and are loaded as shown. Knowing that P = 500 N and a =determine the tension in (a) in cable AC, (b) in cable BC.60°, N= T_{A}= 3) The tension in the cable BC is \mathrm{T}_{\mathrm{B}}=
12-113. The position of a particle is defined by r ={4(t – sin t)i + (2t^2 – 3)j} m, where t is in seconds and the argument for the sine is in radians. Determine the speed of the particle and its normal and tangential components of acceleration when t=1 s.
1. Classify each of the structures as statically determinate, statically indeterminate, stable, or unstable. If indeterminate, specify the degree of indeterminacy. (22 pts.)
A 100 ft steel tape standardized at 68 °F and supported throughout under a tension of 10 Ibs was found to be 100.2 ft long. The tape had a cross sectional area of 0.009 in? and a weight of 0.03 Ib/ft. The tape is used to measure a horizontal distance (AB) and the measured length comes out to be 300 ft. CALTRANS plans a new ramp to connect Nutwood with US57. The ramp starts from point A (on Nutwood) to C (on US57) wherein point C will be vertically above point B (a current point on Nutwood that will get buried by ramp). The must have a smooth 4% grade, thus the tape will be used fully supported. Determine the correct slope distance to be measured (i.e. length AC) if a pull of 15 Ibs is used and the temperature is 96 °F.
Problem 2: In a boat race, boat A is leading boat B by 50 m and both boats are traveling at a constant speed of 180 km/h. At t = 0, the boats accelerate at constant rates.Knowing that when B passes A, t = 8 s and va = 225 km/h,determine (a) the acceleration of A, (b) the acceleration of В.
Problem 1. A lagoon with a volume of 1,200 m3 has been receiving a steady flow of a stream at a rate of 100 m3/day. A pollutant in the incoming stream has a concentration of 10 mg/Land the pollutant degrades at a rate of 0.20 day-1. Assuming completely mixed conditions,and that there is an outlet from the lagoon as well.What would be the concentration of pollutant in the effluent leaving the lagoon at steady state conditions?If the input waste concentration then suddenly increased to 100 mg/L, what would the concentration in the effluent be 7 days later.
